Vitamin D

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Children may have intake of vitamin D at a
dose that is ten times higher than the current recommended daily
allowance (RDA) safely to improve the bone health of children and other health attributes, according to a new
study.

The current RDA for vitamin D is 200 International Units
(IUs) for children as recommended by the National Academy of Sciences'
Institute of Medicine. According to The Endocrine Society, the
American Academy of Pediatrics also recommends the same RDA.

The
new study published in The Endocrine Society’s Journal of Clinical
Endocrinology & Metabolism (JCEM) suggests that this 200 IU level
may not be adequate for bone growth and musculoskeletal health in
children and adolescents.

"Our research reveals that vitamin D,
at doses equivalent to 2,000 IUs a day, is not only safe for
adolescents, but it is actually necessary for achieving desirable
vitamin D levels," said Ghada El-Haff Fuleihan, M.D., of the American
University of Beirut-Medical Center, Lebanon, and lead author of the
study.

Vitamin D is an essential hormone for bone growth and
development in children and promotes skeletal health in adults. Recent
research has generated evidence suggesting that this vitamin may provide
benefits beyond the bone health.

"Data on appropriate vitamin D
levels in the pediatric age group are lacking," said Dr.
Fuleihan. "This is a major obstacle to finding the right daily
allowance to enhance musculoskeletal health."

In the
study, Fuleihan and his colleagues tested the safety of relatively high
doses of vitamin D3 in children ages 10-17 years. Vitamin D3 is one of
the common forms of vitamin D and is readily converted to
25-hydroxyvitamin, the active form of vitamin D in the blood.

In
one trial, the researchers gave 25 students one-weekly 14,000 IU doses
of vitamin D for eight weeks. In another,
they gave 340 students either a low dose of vitamin D
(1,400 IUs each week) or a high dose
(14,000 IUs each week) for a one-year period.

Only children who
received the equivalent of 2,000 IUs a day of vitamin D increased 25-OHD
in their
blood to the mid-thirties (ng/ml), which is considered optimal for
adults. No toxic effects were observed in either trial.

It is
unknown what levels of 25-OHD are optimal for children and adolescents.
But the researchers suggest that due to rapid skeletal growth, children
and adolescents are more likely to be vitamin D deficient than reach
vitamin D levels that doctors would consider toxic.
"Supplementation
of children and adolescents
with 2,000 IUs a day of vitamin D3 is well tolerated and
safe," said Dr. Fuleihan. "This is particularly relevant in light of
the increasingly recognized health benefits of vitamin D for adults and
children."

Early studies have showed that deficiency of vitamin D
is a risk factor for a wide variety of cancers and high doses of vitamin D such
as 2,000 IU a day are believed to be protective against cancer.

Vitamin

D experts have already said that the vitamin D recommendation needs to
be updated.

Vitamin D is naturally synthesized after the skin is
exposed
to sunlight. Foods that provide this vitamin include oily fish, eggs
and fortified foods. It is believed that
adults
can tolerate up to 10,000 IUs a day
and infants and children can tolerate 2,000 IUs a day.
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